By Francisco Veracoechea
News Week Latam
The figure of Donald Trump has evolved beyond that of a disruptive domestic political actor to become a force directly shaping the reconfiguration of the international system. His return to power not only confirms a domestic political trend but deepens a global transformation already underway: the weakening of the liberal order that emerged after the Cold War, replaced by a more volatile, transactional, and power-centered dynamic.
For decades, the United States upheld an international framework built on stable alliances, shared rules, and a degree of strategic predictability. However, Trump’s vision breaks with that tradition. Under the principle of “America First,” foreign policy is no longer structured as collective leadership but as constant negotiation, where even long-standing allies are assessed based on immediate returns. This is not rhetorical—it alters the very logic of the system.
The war in Ukraine illustrates this shift with clarity. Since the invasion ordered by Vladimir Putin in 2022, U.S. support proved decisive in sustaining Kyiv’s resistance, with commitments exceeding $180 billion. However, under the new administration, that support has undergone a substantial shift. Direct aid has been drastically reduced, replaced by a negotiation-oriented approach.
Trump has repeatedly emphasized the need for a rapid agreement with Russia, promoting parallel diplomatic channels and backing dialogue initiatives in cities such as Riyadh and Berlin. In this context, the war ceases to be solely a territorial conflict and becomes a space for strategic redefinition, where the United States no longer acts as an automatic guarantor of one side, but as an actor seeking to close the conflict on its own terms.
The implications extend beyond Ukraine. For Europe, this introduces structural uncertainty: U.S. commitment is no longer perceived as unconditional. For Russia, it opens a window of opportunity, suggesting that Western fatigue may translate into political concessions. A war that initially strengthened transatlantic cohesion is now exposing its fractures.
A similar pattern is visible within NATO. For years, Trump criticized the alliance, highlighting imbalances in defense spending between the United States and its European partners. What once seemed like recurring rhetoric has materialized into tangible transformation. For the first time, all 32 members have reached the 2% of GDP defense spending target, driven by both the Russian threat and direct pressure from Washington.
Yet this compliance has not necessarily strengthened political cohesion. Instead, it reveals a deeper shift: collective security is no longer seen as automatic, but as a responsibility each country must sustain independently. Discussions now extend toward more ambitious targets—up to 3.5% or even 5% of GDP—while debates over European strategic autonomy accelerate.
In this context, NATO is not weakening as much as it is transforming. Trump’s pressure has forced Europe to react, increase military capabilities, and reconsider its historical dependence on the United States. The result is an alliance stronger in resources, but more uncertain in its political dimension.
In the Middle East, relations with Iran offer another dimension of this foreign policy. The withdrawal from the nuclear deal in 2018 and the “maximum pressure” strategy marked a turning point whose effects have intensified over time. Today, Iran possesses uranium enriched to 60%, significantly reducing the time required to reach military nuclear capability, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.
This is compounded by attacks on nuclear facilities reported in 2025, increasing the risk of direct escalation. The pressure strategy has not resulted in containment but in sustained confrontation, where deterrence coexists with the real possibility of open conflict. The Persian Gulf remains a critical flashpoint, with recurring incidents involving vessels, energy infrastructure, and proxy actors.
Rather than resolving the nuclear issue, the strategy has pushed it into a zone of greater instability. Iran has neither collapsed nor abandoned its strategic objectives; instead, it has strengthened its resilience and expanded its regional maneuverability.
In Latin America, the case of Nicolás Maduro marks a turning point rather than a continuation. Following his capture in January 2026 during a U.S.-led operation, Venezuela entered a phase of uncertain transition.
The economic sanctions that for years suffocated the country—triggering a contraction of more than 75% of GDP between 2013 and 2020—no longer operate within the same context. Maduro’s removal from power has opened the door to political reconfiguration and the potential for a gradual easing of restrictions, particularly in strategic sectors such as energy.
However, this shift does not guarantee immediate stability. The internal power structure remains contested, with key figures from Chavismo still influential, and a transition marked by political tensions, institutional uncertainty, and the weight of inherited international alliances. Venezuela is no longer a case of regime resilience, but rather a laboratory of transition whose outcome remains uncertain.
The outcome is revealing: external pressure can weaken a government economically, but it does not necessarily bring about its collapse on its own. In Venezuela’s case, the turning point came through a direct intervention that abruptly altered the balance of power.
Rather than a linear success of sanctions, what unfolded suggests that prolonged pressure can shape the conditions for change—but does not always determine the decisive moment. Venezuela is no longer an example of regime endurance, but a case of forced rupture whose long-term impact is still unfolding.
Underlying these scenarios is a common element redefining contemporary international politics: the transformation of the concept of alliances. Traditionally, alliances implied long-term strategic commitments based on shared values and common objectives. Today, these relationships increasingly resemble conditional agreements, subject to constant renegotiation.
The shift is subtle yet profound. The United States is not withdrawing from the global stage, but redefining its role within it. Permanence is no longer automatic; it depends on specific conditions, often immediate and transactional. Leadership, in this sense, becomes a form of negotiation.
This transition occurs alongside the rise of other powers seeking to consolidate influence. China expands its presence through strategic investments and technological development, while Russia maintains its capacity for military intervention. The international system is moving toward a more fragmented configuration, where balance is built on constant tension rather than stable consensus.
Global supply chains are being reorganized under security criteria, leading to reshoring processes and selective alliances. International trade, once governed by openness, is adapting to a more defensive logic. Even multilateral organizations struggle to maintain relevance in an environment where key decisions shift toward direct state-to-state negotiations.
In this context, Trump cannot be understood as an isolated anomaly. His style, decisions, and narrative reflect a broader transformation across multiple societies: skepticism toward globalism, distrust of political elites, and the reassertion of national interest as the central axis of state action.
The international system is not collapsing abruptly. It is reconfiguring, adapting—and in the process, leaving behind many of the certainties that defined it for decades. What emerges instead is a more uncertain landscape, where rules are no longer unquestioned and where power, in its various forms, once again becomes the decisive factor in shaping the global order.
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